INTERFACING ADC 0808 TO 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

MICROCONTROLLER INTERFACING

How to interface ADC 0808 to 8051 Micro controller and sample code for interfacing.

I/O Pins
Calculating Step Size
Calculating Dout.
PROGRAM

In lot of embedded systems micro controllers needs to take analog input. Most of the sensors AND transducers such as temperature, humidity, pressure, are analog. For interfacing these sensors to micro controllers we require to convert the analog output of these sensors to digital so that the controller can read it. Some micro controllers have built in Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) so there is no need of external ADC. For controllers that don’t have internal ADC external ADC is used.

One of the most commonly used ADC is ADC0808. ADC 0808 is a Successive approximation type with 8 channels i.e. it can directly access 8 single ended analog signals.

I/O Pins

ADDRESS LINE A, B, C

The device contains 8-channels. A particular channel is selected by using the address decoder line. The TABLE 1 shows the input states for address lines to select any channel.

Address Latch Enable ALE

The address is latched on the Low – High transition of ALE.

START

The ADC’s Successive Approximation Register (SAR) is reset on the positive edge i.e. Low- High of the Start Conversion pulse. Whereas the conversion is begun on the falling edge i.e. High – Low of the pulse.

Output Enable

Whenever data has to be read from the ADC, Output Enable pin has to be pulled high thus enabling the TRI-STATE outputs, allowing data to be read from the data pins D0-D7.

End of Conversion (EOC)

This Pin becomes High when the conversion has ended, so the controller comes to know that the data can now be read from the data pins.

Clock

External clock pulses are to be given to the ADC; this can be given either from LM 555 in Astable mode or the controller can also be used to give the pulses.

ALGORITHAM

Start.
Select the channel.
A Low – High transition on ALE to latch in the address.
A Low – High transition on Start to reset the ADC’s SAR.
A High – Low transition on ALE.
A High – Low transition on start to start the conversion.
Wait for End of cycle (EOC) pin to become high.
Make Output Enable pin High.
Take Data from the ADC’s output
Make Output Enable pin Low.
Stop

The total numbers of lines required are:

data lines: 8
ALE: 1
START: 1
EOC:1
Output Enable:1

I.e. total 12 lines. You can directly connect the OE pin to V_cc. Moreover instead of polling for EOC just put some delay so instead of 12 lines you will require 10 lines.

You can also provide the clock through the controller thus eliminating the need of external circuit for clock.

Calculating Step Size

ADC 0808 is an 8 bit ADC i.e. it divides the voltage applied at V_ref+ & V_ref- into 2⁸ i.e. 256 steps.

Step Size = (V_ref+ -V_ref-)/256

Suppose V_ref+ is connected to V_cc i.e. 5V & V_ref- is connected to the Gnd then the step size will be

Step size= (5 - 0)/256= 19.53 mv.

Calculating D_out.

The data we get at the D0 - D7 depends upon the step size & the Input voltage i.e. V_in.

D_out = V_in /step Size.

If you want to interface sensors like LM35 which has output 10mv/°C then I would suggest that you set the V_ref+to 2.56v so that the step size will be

Step size= (2.56 - 0)/256= 10 mv.

So now whatever reading that you get from the ADC will be equal to the actual temperature.

PROGRAM

Here is a program for interfacing the ADC to microcontroller, as stated above I have assumed that the OE pin is connected to Vcc & the clock is given by the controller. This program selects channel 0 as input channel reads from it & saves in the accumulator.

adc_a bit p2.0

adc_b bit p2.1

adc_c bit p2.2

adc_start bit p2.3

adc_ale bit p2.4

adc_clk bit P2.5

Org 0000h

clr ale

clr start

clr adc_a ;

clr adc_b ;Select Channel 0

clr adc_c ;