Notice ||
advertisements are posted by Google. the author has no control over what ads appear
![]() |
| Sweat Lodge worked for two years in the Pacific Northwest by the author. Photo by the author. Copyright ©2008. |
editorial note : this text was pasted into the editor and has failed to format very well. the only other alternative was to retype all the information. We hope future improvements to the Knol publishing tools will correct this problem. Ed.
Sweat Lodge || Ceremonial Correction Ritual of (Some) Tribal Native Americans
“You are being prepared to enter into a sacred life. It is there to prepare
you for the sacred time. When you were born into the world your heart
and your spirit, your body were prepared by the sacred mother. She gave
you water and life and a body. Before you were born you were in a sacred
place inside the womb of your mother. Inside your mother you are given the
gifts you need for this life and when you are prepared in this way, you are born
into the life. The lodge is made in such a way that it becomes again the womb.
While you were in the womb of your mother she gave you flesh and blood, a heart,
a mind, a body. She gave you water and air and a life. The sweat lodge brings us
again to that place, in a sacred manner. When you were born your body and mind
were pure. In this ceremony we use the water, the fire, the stones and the wind.
These are the gifts of the earth, of the flesh of your body. "
--Tobacco Indian, a tribal elder
The sweat lodge is a cycle of the inner experience. Like re-birthing, it takes your
sensations back to a beginning. It is a very ancient ceremony brought to us in
a vision by a young dreamer, in the Ahnishinabe culture. Among the Sioux or
plains tribes it was from a vision through which the Seven Sacred Rites of the
Sioux people were born. In their culture it is the first ceremony. In our Ahnishinabe
culture, the Morning Tobacco Fire is the First Ceremony. Sweat lodge is something
that is done before and after all other ceremonies, or as a ceremony in itself. In the
ancient days, it was a ceremony in which everyone participated. Today it has become
many things in addition to these things. It remains one of the central and most valuable
teachings and ceremonies which tribal culture can share with the modern world, with
people of every faith and belief.
Sweat Lodge goes well beyond religion. Sweat Lodge is a primal memory. Sweat Lodge
is the one last and final place where what is magic, what is pagan, what is of the
body remains sacred and unbroken. Sweat Lodge is the last great battlefield for the
original instructions vs the dead world. Sweat Lodge is a place without masters,
where the most sacred possessions of seven generations are cleansed and restored
and repaired. It is a house of correction where broken and wounded human beings
may make some corrections.
In the New World Order | The Riot Act
…. the sweat lodge is an idea often stolen and imposed upon the unsuspecting.
Sweat Lodge has an alternative life as a kind of cliche’ for the newage shamans
and people who go on vision quests in their local mall or the internet.
Spiritual ideas have no property masters. Rebellion, selfishness and curiosity
can transcend rules and certificates and approval. No matter what the old
Indians have to say on the matter, Sweat Lodge, like Dream Catchers, have
been made by useless people who understand nothing except the desire to
do whatever they want. We can only hope that while sometimes people
grope blindly in the mist of their dreams, they may occasionally stumble
onto redemption. Hold hope, but don’t hold your breath.
I recently read a blog entry where an anglo woman was writing about the sweat
lodge she experienced. She said the sweat lodge leader was carrying Sitting Bulls
sacred pipe. Such blatant lies and delusions are all over these practices in the
modern world. If it were not so tragic there might be some humor in such behavior.
Sweat Lodge is an essential, primal and sacred truth even while it is
the useless and vulgar pretense of self-deceiving masters and shamans. It
is the essence of unity and purification wrapped up in a knot with pre-
tending and could have been and should have been and control. It is
not a contradiction that Sweat Lodge is in this position today. It should
not even be surprising. Contradiction is the great test of any idea that
dares to be called sacred. This perplexing duality is not contained within
the sacred, but within the choices we make as we respond to what it
means to us.
Who Owns the Sweat Lodge?
It has been written and shouted out by some people, rather loudly, that the Sioux own the sweat lodge. This is not true in any way. Historically there are numerous forms of proper sweat lodge ceremonies. In recent times two forms have become the most "popular". One of these forms is a method historically associated with the Sioux peoples, but also the Cheyenne, Arapaho, Commache and other tribes of the great plains from north to south. The other form is of the woodland cultures, which is by far the more ancient of all the known forms.
The truth is, as it always is in matters of sacred tribal rites, these ceremonies are the spiritual property of the tribal elders of their respective peoples. Many tribes have the direction and support for sweat lodge ceremonies. Additionally, any supported sweat lodge leader who works within the support of his or her tribal elders, has the right to do the ceremony the way they feel it should be done. There is no one set of rules for the sweat lodge. In the Ojibway culture of my father, there are different levels and types of sweat lodge ceremonies...at least eight of them and probably more.
Many tribal sweat lodge leaders have taken the work and the vision of the sweat lodge to every tribe at this point...as well as to most of the nations of the earth. It is a great teaching that is owned, as all sacred rites are owned, by the people who make the work. There is no central authority in tribal spiritual practice...there is only the direction and blessings of the elders of that place and time.
Tribes and Tribal Teachers and Keepers of Great Bundles (which is
the more important position of the two) do in fact have a Circle of
Understanding about what a sweat lodge is, and how it should be and who
it should be in the doing of this ancient ceremony. The only way to
know this is to go there.
In the moral law of the original instructions of the original tribal
people these sweat lodges are the property of the Keepers of the Sacred
Rites of the Original People. The Plains sweat lodge is the property of
those people. The Ojibway 8-sided lodge, which I use exclusively, is the
property of the Ahnishinabeg Mide Wi-an, for example. If you have no
permissions or directions from these people, no invitation, then you
have no authority or right to use these ceremonies. Sometimes the
Keepers of Tribal Law do round up a circle of US Marshals and come to
these stolen ceremonies and take people off to jails. The spiritual and in-
tellectual property of a culture belongs to who? We Ahnishinabek think
what is ours belongs to us. We reserve all rights. Sharing is a choice…
not an obligation or a license to steal or appropriate. No matter how
nasty the modern world gets, our tribal people have always been willing
to share.
below | sweat lodge sculpture by the author, c.1989
now somewhere inside Microsoft Corporation art collection (maybe).
The central hole where the stones
are placed is sacred space. It is
called the returning place and
represents where we all come
from and the place to which we
all return, for this reason it is an
important and sacred space.
We gather in our bodies in a
circle around this space.
The stones and the water are
placed inside this space.
The path that goes from the fire
to the central hole for the stones
is the lifeways path. It is the
path from the beginning of life,
the beginning of time, all the
way to the end of life, the end
of time. This line is also a
sacred space and is traditionally
treated with respect. People outside the lodge never cross this path, never break this line.
A sweat lodge is a circle of spiritual space, not a casual place. Everything within it and
around it has meaning, power and significance. It is the obligation of those present to try
and understand, and try again, and again, to understand this relationship of the sacred
to space, and space to behavior. A sweat lodge leader is responsible for defining and
explaining this relationship. When properly implemented, a very beautiful kind of
sacred geometry is employed in bringing a good sweat lodge space to the
people. Modern people often overlook the geometry of the sacred and
give it no importance. However, those who are properly instructed in
this ceremony do understand how to use the sacred geometry of space
and objects to create the great circle on the earth that we call the sweat
lodge.
The door is generally aligned to face directly east, leading a short
distance to the fire, which is usually backed by a crescent altar. This path
defines the great circle of the sun as it gives life to all people. In some
circumstances the door may be moved to the west. While more rare,
there were many lodges in the past among the Ahnishinabek that used
four doors. Human beings came and went only in the eastern door, and
the other powers used the other directions (in the old, old forms). Today.
Most people use the eastern door method. However, historically all four
directions have been used as gates for a ceremonial sweat lodge.
Some people who do healing work like and favor having the door in the west, for example.
The definition and meaning of the space between the lodge and the fire is
very intense and certain. The space around a sweat lodge is defined and sacred space.
Future edits of this series will expand on this....
In the Ahnishinabe Lodge you use a structure that is made of eight
arcs and four circles. This defines the space inside of it in a very particu-
lar way. This alignment matches the cycle of ceremonies and original
teachings around which the Ahnishinabe are organized.
Omissions of correct behavior about what the sweat lodge is and to
whom it belongs is of great concern to the old Indians. Many people
may think of a sweat lodge as a “faith” type of experience where stones
are heated and tossed into a hole in the ground while the people pray
and sing. Thinking in this simple way is considered dangerous and vul-
gar. While people can imagine that they are free to do whatever they
want to do in whatever way they want to do it, the historic truth is some-
thing else entirely. The tribal teachers tell us something else entirely.
In the historic life of the old Indians the sweat lodge was a cere-
mony convened by a group which had experienced this kind of cere-
mony all their lives. New persons had the luxury of coming into a cere-
mony conducted by people of long experience and familiarity. In the
modern age there is often only one or two people present with any ex-
perience and this experience may have come through very fractured
paths and parts. I have come across many so-called sweat lodge camps
where no one has any real experience, no training whatsoever. Many
modern people are so fascinated by the sweat lodge that they just im-
provise and make up the experience as they go along, trusting only in
their intentions and bravado to carry everyone through. Even tribal peo-
ple do this. There are many arrogant types who feel privileged to do
whatever they want. While this privilege is defined in political and legal
precedents, it does not in fact exist in the real world, in the Mystery Life.
In the modern age it is more likely that a sweat lodge will be con-
vened in more private space which may or may not be open to everyone
around. Usually these ceremonies are now conducted with more pri-
vacy. It is not unusual to find what we call open lodges here and there
among tribal people. These are sweat lodge ceremonies conducted at an
established place by established people. Usually there is one day in the
week or the month where the lodge is open for all who can find their
way to it. This openness is not a license to let everything hang out and
allow people to do whatever they want by any means. Such open space
remains under the careful eye of the tribal elders.
Those people who make these ceremonies outside of the guidance
and permission of the old Indians are in violation of tribal sacred law.
Imitation is not flattering. It is a dilution and quite often a corruption of
the original. Such behavior is not only dangerous, it is disrespectful. No
matter how cool and slick a person thinks they are, making these cere-
monies without knowing the permissions of the people of the original
instructions is unacceptable. In the modern age tribal people are being
harmed and their cultures and sacred truths turned into new age trash
by the good intentions of poorly informed people. Everyone suffers
when the truth is ignored. There is no honor in substituting free will for
the values and guidance of our tribal elders. It is the act of a coward and
a thief.
Above || ES Curtis. "Bringing in the Willows" for a sweat lodge.
These are just for example. By the way, most of these -items- also have teachings, ceremonies, requirements. The list is far from definitive and is offered as an example of the type of knowledge tribal people expect at a minimum from some one who leads a sweat lodge ceremony.
- the stones and offerings made for the stones
- saplings or trees used for the lodge
- Strapping cord or ropes or vines that are used to bind the frame
- wood used for the fire
- covers used to cover the completed frame
- water used for the stones and for drinking
- Herbs used to cover the earth where the people will sit
- Offerings made to the stones as they enter the lodge
- Tools used to attend the fire
- Tools used to bring the stones inside the lodge
- Tools used to put water onto the stones
- Ceremonial objects under the direction of the leaders
- Tobacco Ties and ceremonial flags to invoke and placate
- the spiritual powers
- Waterdrum….never dry skin drums
- Rattles
- Songs
- Darkness to define the womb-space and song-space
- Sage, sweetgrass, tobacco, cedar
below: rather tall ojibway style sweat lodge camp in Taos New Mexico
One of the most ancient images ever discovered etched into a
stone is an 8-pointed star with an arrow descending from the
lower center. Most tribal teachers believe this is an image of the
morning star. It is also a diagram of the layout and alignment of
the Ojibway sweat lodge. The sacred geometry of the heavens is
often employed in very ancient ceremonial grounds and con-
structed space. This fact is generally not well perceived by the so-
called scientific authorities and investigators. Their social and ra-
cial bias continues to make it difficult for them to get their minds
around the implications. For all its posturing about academic and
scientific honesty, mainstream science continues to view indige-
nous people as “savages” incapable of the requisite reasoning and
calculating abilities to perceive and accomplish such alignments
for ceremonial use.
The Ahnishinabe people have an ancient connection to numerous
astronomical alignments and positions. The old Indians tell us
that the spiritual life of the Ahnishinabek people was “lowered
down from the Pleides”. People who have some awareness of this
historical idea have romantic and simplistic ideas about what it
means. Discovering the subtle sophistication behind this simple
statement is another of those truths which hide in plain sight.
below || sweat lodge photo by ES Curtis, circa 1900
Modern science and thought still does not have a language or
thought process which can clearly address this issue. The old
Midewian (ceremonial and holy people) leaders were hoping that
when the "white man" showed
up he would be wearing the face of brotherhood.
Had he done so,
there would have been a powerful union of knowledge and revela-
tion between our joined peoples.
Instead the white man showed
up showing us only the face of death and had no interest, in fact
had only contempt and disgust towards the life and society of In-
dian people. A tremendous opportunity was lost. Our spiritual
teachers secreted away the knowledge and teachings of these sa-
cred facts in order to protect them and preserve them for a future
moment of revelation that may yet present itself.
There are many ideas about how to make a sweat lodge. I have
seen them made with 10 poles, 16 poles, 7 poles and 8 poles.
Historically the variations are possibly endless. There probably is
no one specific correct teaching about the construction of a sweat
lodge. American Indian people are rarely in agreement from tribe
to tribe (and they do not need to be), or even family to family, on
every detail of something like the sweat lodge. The best ceremo-
nies do tend to arise from those sweat lodge leaders who apply
an understanding of some ceremonially formal training and tradi-
tion. So, while there need not be a universal teaching on this
construction, there is always some formal basis of knowledge by
which those sweat lodges are put into service. There are no ran-
dom ceremonies. Each ceremony is a step, a moment, in the
ideas contained in the original instructions.
To the Ojibway (Ahnishinabe) people the sweat lodge is a single part of what we
call the eight-sided teaching. In this teaching a sweat lodge is 8
linked arches encircled by four rings we call “directions” and
“gateways” . This 8 and 4 structure is very ancient within our par-
ticular culture and it is the method I use. Every ceremony is an
act of invocation regarding the eight-sided teaching.
It is important to understand that each properly empowered
sweat lodge leader has the right to work within the revelations
which come to them and their relations in a personal way.
At different times and places different people will go about the sweat
lodge in their own unique way. I have never seen two sweat lodge
leaders who conducted the ceremony the same way. This subjec-
tive application of personal vision is an inherent truth in all tribal
ceremonial behavior. Some modern people use this apparent
revelation of personal freedom to justify doing whatever they
want to do. I must emphasize here that the personal vision and
innovation of a well-trained and qualified sweat lodge leader is
very different from the personal freedom of an untrained person
in a free society to do whatever they want…very different indeed.
It is important to understand this difference.
The consistent rule of a “good circle of understanding” is very im-
portant. Finding teachers and the teachers finding the elders, the
oral tradition and face to face confirmation of your work in these
sacred tools is the law all tribal people are expected to follow. If
you work with the sweat lodge only from a place of private vi-
sion, one that you have not tested by bringing it face to face be-
fore qualified tribal teachers and tribal elders, then there is no
circle of understanding; there is only you. Seeking to test your vi-
sion of the sacred before the elders has great power. If your idea
is a good one you will know it right away. If you fear or otherwise
are indifferent to this test, then you have no business at all mak-
ing these ceremonies. People who are afraid or refuse to present
their ceremonial credentials to the tribal elders are working out-
side the traditional law. A person unwilling to present themselves
to tribal elders is not someone I would ever have much confi-
dence in on this or any other matter. If you are invited or seek to
attend a sweat lodge ceremony it is perfectly natural to ask if the
sweat lodge leader has the approval or permissions of qualified
tribal elders to conduct that ceremony.
I have always believed my first obligation was to seek out the
tribal elders, the people whom I call with great respect the old
Indians. I call them the old indians because they know and pre-
serve the original instructions. Their memory is passed along
from and to each generation through these ceremonies. The
ceremonial life is about learning, not about something called
power”.
Real power comes from having a polished spirit. You
polish your spirit by rubbing it up against the old Iindians. Real
power comes from gaining the approval and recognition which
only the living tribal elders might provide. Being a known partici-
pant in this sacred circle of understanding is the law.
Nay-ghn-way-wi-nini | The Sweat Lodge Leader
Most people may not realize that in historical tribal cultures objects such as ladders, shovels, hammers, and powerful cutting instruments, as well as things like doors and windows were/are considered ceremonial objects, In many tribes religious leaders have control and responsibility for these things. Ceremonial leaders are responsible for many subtle things which will escape the mind and perceptions of most modern people. It is in this world of subtlety that we understand how to tell who is true and who is not.
lodge came to a young boy who was undergoing a very strong
and traditional vision quest. During his many days of preparation
and fasting he finally entered into a state of consciousness
through which the first sweat lodge ceremony was revealed to the
circle of the people. In those historic times the sweat lodge cere-
mony was a full community ceremony. The men were responsible
for some parts of the ceremony and the women responsible for
other parts. Everyone worked together to make one ceremony. It
was a revelation to the community this first ceremony. Historically
the sweat lodge was made by the community in a regular cycle of
purification and renewal in which most members of the commu-
nity participated. Those who were apprentices in the ceremony
worked outside the sweat lodge, assisting the Fire Keeper in
managing the fire and the stones. While those inside the sweat
lodge were undergoing renewal and purification, those outside
were told the stories and teachings about this great ceremony.
In those historic times the ceremony had many formal behaviors.
The sweat lodge had a central leader but also a team of others
who brought all the teaching together in a very formal and organ-
ized way. In historic times all the important ceremonies were
conducted within the context of the midewian society. Each par-
ticular ceremony was woven into the complete cycle of ceremo-
nies. These ceremonies as they existed all together was the con-
text in which the spiritual knowledge and experiences of the
whole community were served. The sweat lodge ceremony did not
ever exist as a separate ceremony. When the young man’s vision
quest resulted in this “new” ceremony it was integrated into the
cycle of the seven sacred rites of the Ahnishinabeg culture.
The sweat lodge leader placed/places his life on the line and was
considered to be personally responsible for the honorable and clear
behavior of everyone who participated in the purification rites of the
sweat lodge. Assisting him were various other officers of the midewian,
or another society. It is important to understand the differences be-
tween the historic origins of this ceremony and what has become,
in a broken world, the usual practice today. Today a strong ap-
prenticeship with tribal sweat lodge leaders and teachers remains
the key to making this teaching work effectively.
In my work I travel the world and very often I am called upon to
conduct sweat lodge ceremonies. In most instances those who
participate in the ceremonies have never done so before. In this
sense I am at a kind of opposite end of the spiritual world. I hope
my work will help give the vision experience to others and that
from their personal experiences and revelations they will find
their way to renewal, balance and their own profound revelations
and so guide society into the future by making new connections
and openings. This work is very different from the tremendously
powerful collective origins of the sweat lodge as an on-going
process engaging the full community.
In many tribal communities today the sweat lodge ceremony has
a sweat lodge leader and a fire keeper. Sometimes a ceremony
might have a water drum keeper, one or more sacred pipe or
bundle holders. I have been in one sweat lodge where there were
eight sacred pipe holders and two water drum keepers, but this
has happened only one time. The working form now generally in-
cludes at least a sweat lodge leader and a fire-keeper.
Today most sweat lodge leaders are people who have been doing
the ceremony many times under the direction of a good sweat
lodge leader, fire keepers, water drum holders and other recog-
nized ceremonial people. Many times there is a single sweat lodge
leader who has experience and recognition. The participants will
take turns taking care of the fire and the stones. Often the sweat
lodge leader has also received the rights to hold the water drum
and other ceremonial bundles.
As the keeper of the Four Directions Unity Bundle I have had the
privelage and taken the responsibility to hold sacred pipe, water
drum, sweat lodge and other ceremonial offices. My education in
these ceremonies has taken nearly 25 years and required me to
devote most of my life, money and time to this purpose.
In these modern times the work is more difficult and demanding
because of these changes. A sweat lodge leader today is expected
to take very seriously his or her responsibilities and to demon-
strate clearly the ceremonial authority and training which has put
him or her in that position. Over the years I participated in sweat
lodge ceremonies almost everywhere I went. Over time there
came to be a moment when I was asked to lead a sweat lodge
ceremony. Since that time I feel it is one of my most important
responsibilities as a keeper of sacred objects and ceremonies. Be-
cause I work alone in this unique way, perhaps, often far away
from home and community, I have not taken any apprentice or
students in conducting sweat lodge ceremonies. I feel my first re-
sponsibility is to be of service to the world community and do
what I can to improve the understanding about our tribal life to
the world community.
Different tribes now have different histories and patterns of be-
havior as far as sweat lodge ceremonies go. In a strong tribal
community the sweat lodge leader is that one who has the most
loving support from his friends and relations. Some sweat lodge
ceremonies are dominated by the strong spirit of one or two
strong leaders. In other tribes there is still a large group of re-
lated tribal members who organize and share the responsibilities
and duties of a good sweat lodge and in many ways resemble the
historic practices from which this great ceremony originated.
These days there is a good sized group of individual sweat lodge
leaders, who, like me, have had a vision and guidance from the
elders to take the sweat lodge out into the world. I know that
there have been sweat lodge leaders that are recognized and
supported by the elders who have reached nearly every nation on
this earth. I know sweat lodge leaders who have been to commu-
nist China, Russia and other very restricted countries to conduct
these important sweat lodge ceremonies. Quite often most of
these solitary sweat lodge leaders who travel out into the world
are also keepers of sacred pipes and other ceremonial rites for
the waiting world.
It is important for the reader to understand what a great treasure
these ceremonial people really are. In the greater development of
centuries of tribal history, it has been the ceremonial leaders who
have woven together the very fabric of modern society, knowl-
edge and culture. All of us owe a tremendous debt to those cere-
monial leaders who have preserved and who present the ceremo-
nies of tribal culture. It is important to understand how few their
numbers are in these modern times. Our debt to those keepers of
the sacred is one reason wny we must question and test those
who claim to be in this position. Those people wo take it on
themselves to imitate and steal these ceremonies are heaping
disrespect on the living and contempt upon the graves of those
sacred men and women who made tremendous sacrifices and
who evolved generation after generation such a powerful and pro-
found system of human knowledge. There is far more at stake
here than just the freedom to do whatever you want.
Imitation is not a compliment, it is a gradual
destruction of the original.
Copying the behavior of others seems inevitable in such a
gigantic society. Desire is a strong and sometimes dan-
gerous feeling. It can allow you to trick yourself and be-
lieve things that can never be true. Learning to control
the strength and dominance of your desires is an impor-
tant quality in a ceremonial leader.
I have read many defensive comments by the crazy peo-
ple who justify their imitation of tribal ceremony, citing
history and personal freedom. They say things that sound
reasonable, justifying their choice. Being able to defend
your personal freedom is hardly the point. What is most
important, the only rule that really matters, is that a per-
son seek out the permission and guidance of the proper
tribal elders. Period. No other rule or explanation is legal
or accurate.
Sometimes the answer is no.
If the answer is yes then there are other rules you must
understand as well. There is the rule of the wind, second
is the rule of the fire, next there are the water teachings,
and after that you need to understand the feathers and
what it means to have the right feathers for these cere-
monies. You must listen to the standing stone people. If
you are a ceremonial singer like me you have to go in
eight directions to receive the sacred song teachings.
Then comes the water drum teachings and permissions,
construction, and understanding about why the water
drum is what it is and where it is. What about the trees?
The Roots and the Arms to encircle the space and give it-
self up for the fire. This repeats itself for every element
you add or take away. A sweat lodge leader is working in
what we call the fourth world.
In a good sweat lodge ceremony many things are hap-
pening all at once. One of the old words used to describe
the ceremonial leader was a word, when translated into
english means “juggler”. The sweat lodge leader is one
who can synthesize all these ideas, objects and behaviors
and who then uses this energy to help other people.
Some people need strong help, others must finally know
what is soft, soft, soft. I have made sweat lodge ceremo-
nies for maximum security criminals as well as women
looking for names for their babies…. For sailors who sail
under the ocean on secret atomic submarines and lonely
couples who want to have a baby. I have made ceremo-
nies with people who only remember that they are bro-
ken, and others that are entirely to strong and beautiful;
all at the same time. I have made my ceremonies under
the eyes of my enemies and of people whose languages I
do not speak or understand.
Tell me my friend, where will you go to feed your Eagle
Feather? What flower was in bloom the day the skin for
your drum was taken from the life of the animal that
gave it to you? Many people take every kind of drum
these days into the sweat lodge. This is a big mistake.
Only a properly prepared waterdrum should be taken into
the sweat lodge. To take a regular drum into a sweat
lodge is an act of severe disrespect to the teaching of
that drum. Many people may this terribly sad mistake,
even Indian people. It is a kind of epidemic, evidence of
bad habits imported from the dead world.
I hope that these ideas help demonstrate that the sweat
lodge is not a simplified teaching to be snatched up from
a cheap paperback book in an afternoon. Good tribal
sweat lodge leaders brings generations of energy and
many unique talents to a good sweat lodge. A sweat
lodge you build because you read a book or had a vision
that this was for you does not have this presence. Believe
me, there is a difference between making it up and fol-
lowing in the traditional path. Stop and think before you
act. Is it better for you to be the “chosen one” and lead
the people or would it not be better to go on a journey, a
voyage of discovery to look for some tribal people to help
you? Maybe those teachers will tell you “no”. Can you re-
spect that? Is it worth the chance to seek out greater
knowledge than you yourself have, even if the answer is
no?
Most of us Indians believe that you can only go so far
working on your own. In a good life you make the medi-
cine and the ceremonies with the others, the ones who
were there doing this work before you were born. Some-
times people, on their own, go to far. They feel bad. Now
they are embarrassed so they still seek out no other
teachers to save their embarrassment. The little circle
you make when you work all alone is cold, limited and of-
ten not really correct. It is selfish. It accomplishes noth-
ing beyond personal gratification. It is the great sacred
hoop of all of our relations working consciously, with eyes
and hearts wide open, which creates and sustains the sa-
cred experience.
Method and Form.
Sometimes we do long rounds of silence. Some sweat lodge lead-
ers let each person pray, sing and speak to the mystery life inside
the lodge. I like to do this sometimes. A lot of the time I am
completely not enchanted with what the people have to say. It is
slow and the body cools off. I have found I really like to keep
things moving, using as much of the original sound and language
as I can gather.
The essence of it all is that each one does it the way that means
something to them. I like to use sound and traditional singing to
build up the energy, keep things moving. I prefer to concentrate
my attention on the more ancient and less verbal aspects of mind
and perception. While I never do the ceremony precisely the
same way each time, my experience has directed me to the value
of appealing to the deeper sensations of the participants by
minimizing the amount of time I spend in conventional communi-
cation. However, many variations are possible. There are mo-
ments when the most conventional approach seems best. I prefer
to work in a way that prepares the way, “making preparations”
and “corrections” which will clear the way for future changes.
A friend of mine was in a sweat lodge recently where everyone
was rubbed down with generous amounts of bear grease from a
freshly killed bear. There is one fellow in the Gallup area that
builds his lodge in such a way that he can go around and touch
the people during the ceremony. This is like the old doctoring
sweat lodges of very ancient times. Both os these techniques are
unusual. The macho power struggle of the old man and the bear
grease and the intense curiosity and desire to touch used by the
other man are personalization, or specialized practices.
I made a sweat lodge on the Zuni reservation some years ago for
a particular group at their request. This group was one collection
of crazy Indians. They were fierce and proud. The Zuni tribe is
rich in language and sacred instructions, but not with the sweat
lodge. The sweat lodge really began in historic times in the north-
ern central tribes and over the generations has moved around in
one form or another to most of the other tribes. Zuni is a Tewa
tribe and they have their own very particular sacred teachings
and do not “officially” embrace the sweat lodge. They were so
aggravating and resistant and stubborn that at one point in the
ceremony I ended up standing straight up, lifting the whole sweat
lodge with me and walked off, leaving them sitting there in a cir-
cle in the open air. I was a lot younger in those days, but I would
do it again if it felt right. When I left the next day I took the
sweat lodge apart and I left one of the big, still warm, stones
from the sweat lodge in the center of the bed I had been offered
for my sleep. I found their stubbornness and resistance so fierce
that I had to stretch my imagination to find some way to bring
them an effective message. Each group of people who come into
a sweat lodge presents its own unique challenge.
Some sweat lodge leaders follow the exact form they have devel-
oped without variation in each ceremony. I have found that what
works best for me is to try and understand and develop a feeling
for what is going on in the present moment with the people as
they are presented to me. Because of this preference my tech-
nique tends to vary from ceremony to ceremony.
For many years I travelled all along the east coast of the USA. I
carried with me (for a time) a beautiful, perfect buffalo skull. I
made a lot of sweats with that buffalo sitting at a place inside the
ceremonies. When I made the sweat lodge I gave him the place
at the western door. I treated him as an advisor in the time I
spent with him. He was loaned to me for my work by an old
friend at the Taos Pueblo. Some years after I returned the buffalo
to his home at Taos this old Indian man passed away. An artist
who was a friend of his painted his portrait on the skull and these
days it is one of the treasures of his family.
Some sweat lodge people like to tell stories inside the lodge.
Sometimes when I am singing I get into the old Ojibway practice
of telling the teachings using the waterdrum and the old style of
singing, the mide-wian styles, the wabeeno style. Sometimes I
do it in English and tell long ideas about the body, or about find-
ing what is lost or how to let go of those things we need to let go
of, and so forth. This teaching by singing the teaching is a very
ancient tradition and has almost disappeared.
A Message from Long Ago (when the answer was no)
I think the mystery life speaks to us every day from the moment
we are born. Because we have so few teachers today to help us
find this out, it takes many years to understand even simple
Page 19
things. Most of us do not talk to one another very often about sa-
cred things so we do not notice many times when the mystery life
is speaking to us. It may just sound like noise or like something
you may have thought you heard. Learning to pay attention to
the voice of the mystery life is an important part of being a cere-
monial leader. With practice you can learn to distinguish between
these moments and the random noise which normally floods the
senses.
Many years ago, just after leonard pelitier was put into prison for
the cold-blooded murder of two fbi agents, there was a group
formed to promote his “defense” and release from prison. Even
though there is little doubt that these agents were executed by
peletier, the public relations geniuses of AIM have continuously
promoted this gangster as an “innocent victim” of government
persecution.
At the time of those events I was working with a small group of
native people in the Durham North Carolina area. We had a lot of
really involved and very nice Indian people from many tribes
passing through our area. We had a home lodge for meetings and
a regular schedule of getting people together for fellowship and
the exchange of ideas. It had a great name, though it only lasted
a few years: we called it the Durham Native Alliance, or DNA for
short. At the time I was also doing work across the country with a
group of tribal medicine people who were bringing sweat lodge,
sacred pipe and other sacred ceremonies to the Indians doing
time in federal prisons. We had a lot of quiet international support
and a lot of dedicated people who went into the prison system to
do this work. However, we never had anything like the visibility,
money and thunder AIM and the pelitier defense committee.
However, I was very proud of our work in those years. We
brought profoundly good ceremonies into prisons all across the
USA. It was hard and difficult work for which no one was paid and
many good people sacrificed their sacred possessions and time.
As the LPDC was making its PR and money raising campaigns
around the country, they were invited by Duke University, along
Page 20
with ourselves and other tribal groups for a week of activities on
campus they called “Native Awareness Week”. Our group hosted a
few modest ceremonies to welcome all the guests and provide a
chance for the local Indians to host and say hello to the visitors in
an informal but rather traditional way. At the time we were the
simple but “home” group, so this hosting activity naturally was
our responsibility.
It was pretty exciting and interesting. It was the first time those
of us living in that area had so many Indians from around the
country all together. There were a some elders from Oklahoma
that were involved in Indian education in particular that were
very charming and seemed to be fountains of great information.
The LPDC on the other hand were sullen and cold. They were stiff
faced and would not meet any of our local indians eyes at all
when we did our little ceremonies. It felt like they hated and ridi-
culed us at the time, because we all talked about it later. The
group of us that was working to bring ceremonies and religious
rights to American Indians in the prison system gave a presenta-
tion. Though our group had been working for some years all
across the country and had enjoyed many moving success sto-
ries, not one member of the LPDC came to that presentation.
We invited the entire group to a sweat lodge ceremony and many
of the visitors agreed to attend. We had a great location out in
the beautiful pine forests around Durham. There was a particular
place out near the airport where we had held many, many cere-
monies. I went out to make the sweat lodge and worked hard all
day. The rocks were burning under seasoned oak wood for hours
and hours. When the people finally came, we all crawled inside.
We started with songs to welcome the stones and they came roll-
ing in.
Well, we put in every stone we had and it was like the rocks had
been in a refrigerator. There was no heat. It was the strangest
experience. Naturally enough I was to blame for this failure and
the LPDC guys really rubbed it in with insults and curses. I felt
really ashamed. The old Indian guys from Oklahoma were polite
Page 21
and told us to keep trying and never said an unkind word. The
LPDC people, in particular one of the Robideaux brothers (who
was tried with peletier but not convicted) who was present was
really nasty. Naturally history went on to prove….well, it proved
nothing. The LPDC has fooled millions and made millions of dol-
lars and given a fancy life to the members LPDC. It has not
helped one Indian anywhere in the real world. New evidence (in
2007) has made it all but certain that peletier was in fact guilty of
murder and recent trials in the murder of Ana Mae Aquash Pictu,
another AIM murder victim, has brought to light the hypocrisy
and guilt of these people. From the moment I laid eyes on Robi-
deaux I never believed a word coming out of his mouth. I also
noticed he never, not once, would meet the eyes of our medicine
people. I have often thought about that experience and what
went “wrong” that day. After I processed my own embarrassment
at being the person responsible for the “failed” ceremony, I let
the whole episode turn itself over to the silence of the mystery
life. Now, many years later at last I believe I understand an in-
credibly sweet and subtle message from the mystery life to a
nearly innocent young man who was just starting out with his
faith all wrapped up in the sacred. I am humbled by what those
cold stones tell me over the silence of those many years ago.
Those people came with nothing and left with nothing. Though
they embraced the sacred of the tribal ancestors and gave lip
service to the sacred, they were then and remain today liars. Our
little group was unpolished and not very sophisticated, but we
really believed with all our hearts in what we were doing and
what our tribal elders had taught us. I believe now that the si-
lence of the sacred stones on that day was not a mistake, but a
message.
I continue to listen to the silence of the mystery life. I remember
my only words to Robideaux that day was that he should hope
peletier stays in prison a long time, otherwise he and his friends
would have no life at all. It seemed obvious to me, anyway, that
this group of men were feeding off the international propaganda
and attention (i.e., money) being put forward about this case;
propaganda and lies that continue to this day. This group and
Page 22
clearly other groups around the world have been desperate for a
hero, a symbol of American Indian suffering. It was not then and
is not now Mr. leonard peletier. It is very sad that so many people
around the world have been duped by these particular American
Indian “warriors”.
Sweat Lodge Journals | 31 May 2008 Villastanza
A sweat lodge with friends. We have been making sweat lodge
ceremonies here now for four years. I am not sure how many
people we have made these ceremonies for here. It has been
very satisfying to have this long standing sweat lodge camp in
the north of Italy. Usually we have a mixture of men and women.
Today we have for the first time only a group of men. Tonight we
will also make a dream ceremony, which we have been doing
here as well.
One of our participants has spent three months in Texas working
at a sweat lodge camp run by an American Indian woman. Quite
in- teresting and unusual this is. He was gifted an eagle feather and
a very fine peyote/style rattle during his visit. He himself to be an
experienced firekeeper and keeps the standing stone fire going
very well. It
very well. It
was helpful to have some experienced and calm assistance.
The people eat and talk, which is the Italian custom. If they put
tobacco into the fire for each story they tell at the diner table I
would be more satisfied. When Italians are together they have
their own sweet, but automated rhythms. It takes some effort to
get them to pay close attention to subtle ideas like putting to-
bacco into the fire. The fire for the tobacco needs to be fed one
hundred times for each person present. I will be lucky if they do it
five times. This is a universal problem. Most people just do not
have any experience thinking about the subtle opportunity a
small sacred fire provides. One can learn many things by watch-
ing what people do not do. Watching people understand but fail
to use this really fine tool is nevr satisfying to me.
Tonight the lodge was very strong and everyone could feel the
power of the hot stones and the sacred water. After the lodge
was finished the people lay down on the warm earth and no one
moved or spoke for quite some time. I do not believe in tough
guy sweat lodges...experiences where everyone is so tough that
the hot stones and sacred water rolls right off of them. This sweat
lodge put us all the way down on the earth and I am happy and
grateful for this. When people are so tough and hard that the
sweat lodge rolls right off of them I usually feel like I have failed.
This time I had to come out of the lodge twice. The second time I
laid down on the earth outside the lodge with the people inside
and sang my pain and sorrows right into the earth between the
fire and the door to the sweat lodge. I feel softer when the earth
humbles me and lays me down. I feel it helps me remember my
suffering and how far I have come, how far I have yet to go. I
have no joy for a sweat lodge where only tough people who can-
not be laid down are present.
We stay inside for about two hours. I always build my songs in-
side the lodge from those people who are present. I tell them
this. I tell them that if they give nothing, they receive nothing. I
tell them I will go to an old place and if they want to learn they
have to go to this old place with me. It is not an easy thing for
modern people to do. I think they try but the energy from this
group of men is very mixed and the results are strange. My
throat feels strained and I find it hard to sing. I wonder what they
are thinking in there..
I am recovering from a long illness and discover that I am weak.
The heat puts me down several times and the singing is hard to
find. This is a symptom of seperation. When the union is strong
the songs come more easily.
Two days later we have another sweat lodge. The people are
quite different. Two women are present, both older women who
are quite composed and alert. They came a long distance to try
this experience. We also have a woman, our host, who is working
the stones from outside. She is doing a very good job. The sing-
ing this time is really good. One of the women is very good at
singing and the energy she adds helps the music flow like water.
This sweat is in the end very different than any other I have
done. I feel softer, less intellectual and more in touch with my
feelings. Again we are inside about two hours. These stones we
use get very hot, some of the hottest stones I have worked with.
Different stones tell different stories in different ways.
When the door is opened I put my head outside and lay down on
the ground looking at the sky. There is one tiny cloud hanging up
in the sky right over the lodge. I see a single star. In the distance
the thunder beings are making their own song and I try to bring
this energy down iniside the lodge. Over and over we make the
songs and everyone does a good job of getting some sound out.
In the earlier sweat it was only me singing. This time everyone is
making an effort and the sounds we make together becomes
quite beautiful …..this builds up a lot of strong energy. I tell a
long story about those teachers who come to us and who then go
away. It is a song about giving up the fear. I look up a couple of
times and everyone is on four legs with their heads down. Sacred
animals seeking life.
Afterwards we have several hours of great conversation. I am
asked about medical healing and so end up talking at some
length about the nature of these ceremonies which in general I
call correction ceremonies. I talk about the different levels of
healing medicine, how there are many ways to come at the prob-
lem of healing. I talk to them about my approach and explain the
reasons why I work as I do.
I was asked about healing practices of tribes. I found myself ex-
plaining that the work that I am doing with this World Journey is
a kind of healing taken in another direction. We believe that these
ceremonies are a “correction”, an adjustment to the thinking of
the modern world as it comes to tribal people, to the earth itself.
I explain that until we can effectively make these corrections, it is
difficult for more specific healing procedures to be used. I ex-
plained that this work is similar to the work a healing doctor
might exercise over a patient, but applied at a different level of
the problem…farther out into society and closer to the earth.
I explained that many Native Americans associate illness with a
message from earlier choices made in life, where something went
wrong. Sometimes what went wrong may have been a choice, or
it may have been a mistake. We need to understand what this
mistake was and whose responsibility it is before we can make a
correction ceremony. I explained in this way, as we look at mod-
ern society, we are applying this great correction ceremony to so-
ciety in a collective way, carrying it all the way around the earth.
The question was interesting because it asked about healing
teachings as if they were something different than the sweat
lodge we had just shared together. I explained that they were the
same thing in essence…or at least that the principles and results
are similar when compared to the details of more personal thera-
pies which her question implied. In my case, my patients are the
citizens of the world.
My studio is a portable operating room
called the Four Directions Unity Bundle.
Behavior | Breathing:
What is most important is that everyone breathes together. This
is more important than some special breathing one or several
people may know about and others who are inside do not. There
are many ideas and teachings about breathing. Individual teach-
ings about breathing are perhaps the most common available to-
day. In tribal ceremonies the teaching about breathing involves
getting the group to share a common breathing practice.
Breathing is very underestimated. Learning to maximize the cir-
culation of the breath is very important in any kind of healing
and-or expansion of the conscious mind. Bad breathing can in
fact cause problems and prevent energy and the life force from
doing any good at all. Teachings that incorporate purely intellec-
tual assimilation, for example, can accomplish very little within
the human body. Research from every discipline has shown that
good effective breathing technique can enhance the effects of
medicine, meditation and the assimilation of new experiences.
Everyone breathing together is one of the important and beautiful
adventures of time inside the sweat lodge. This breathing to-
gether accomplishes many silent yet powerful things. Achieving
this state of being inside the sweat lodge is almost certain to
happen and is very beautiful. A strong cycle of breathing together
energizes and may even cleanse the body. Participating in a pow-
erful group ceremony, this act of good breathing can help change
life, fortify the orhan system and cleanse the mind of negative
associations.
When the stones are very hot it can seem almost impossible to
breathe. Many people find it a real challenge. I usually tell people
to try and breath in through the mouth and out through both nos-
trils. I have found this technique can cleanse the entire body very
quickly. While it seems difficult at first to breathe in the hot va-
pors of a sweat lodge, once it is accomplished the energy levels
of the body and mind change dramatically and powerfully.
Modern people do not spend nearly enough time breathing. Per-
haps it has always been a problem. Many people do not breathe
deeply for very long. Really conscious breathing is not hard work,
but it requires constant attention. Many kinds of pain relief, ac-
celerated healing and better mental alertness are all conse-
quences of conscious breathing.
Every ceremony is an opportunity to practice conscious breathing.
It is also an opportunity to practice adjustments in behavior.
When people come to a ceremony there should also be a con-
scious effort made at understanding your personal behavior. How
you prepare for and share in the energy around a ceremony is
every bit as important as the ceremony itself. It is not a place for
casual behavior. Instead it is an opportunity to listen closley, even
to the silence. It is a place to watch carefully what is going on all
around and above you.
If you spend your time talking and paying attention only in the
most ordinary way, you may miss everything. A sweat lodge
ceremony is as much an experience of the sense of personal
awareness as it an encounter with the old Indian teachings. The
more in harmony are these two expressions (culture and aware-
ness of self) the more meaningful it is…not just for you, but for
everyone present.
Out in the modern world a sweat lodge gathering often brings
many rounds of chaotic, excited energy. This kind of high energy,
jabberwocky expression creates a state of confusion and seriously
fragments the attention of everyone present. In tribal society the
scene around a sweat lodge camp is quite. When people speak,
they speak softly and with real dignity. They move slowly and
walk softly. In modern society it is usually an energy that is at
right angles to this model. Modern people often talk to much,
move around to much and ask questions when they should be
quiet.
Be quiet.
Be still.
Use your eyes. If some old Indian wants to talk to you you will
know it by looking at his or her eyes.
Use your eyes to listen. If the old Indians want you to help or to
talk to you, you will see it by using your eyes.
Use your ears to see what is going on. Listen to every sound,
both near and far. Look at the ground when an elder talks to you.
Shut up.
Do not touch any medicine object that is not yours without per-
mission. Never ask for permission. This includes drums.
Inside a Sweat Lodge
This is a good place to insert poetry, great songs, enduring and
powerful silence and art. Words can hardly get us in there. I tell
people that they do not need their big brains in there. I tell them
I hope the sacred stones and water and songs will stop the big
human brain and open the heart, open a pathway to the dream-
ing.
Sometimes we are all very close together and we may be men or
we may be women. I tell people to keep their hands to them-
selves. It is very dark, sometimes there is the mysterious and
profound light from the red hot stones. This goes away after a
few rounds of water. The hot steam rolls down the sides of the
lodge and embraces you from behind and above. The earth feels
cool and sweet. All your senses open for a moment, especially if
you continue to breathe in a good way. I tell people to breathe
through their mouth and exhale using the nostrils. When we do
this together in a calm and un-rushed way the energy is very
powerful. You can feel the changes and shifts in the energy. Sing-
ing may be followed by silence, or by new sounds, or suddenly by
singing again. Perhaps the singing is low and slow and sometimes
it is high, strong, lamenting. It is all sounds high and low, near
and far. The sound really helps stop the brain and send streams
of powered energy deeper into the organ system. You can feel
your skin opening up, you feel your skin in a new way.
The door opens and water comes for drinking. The air becomes
cooler and the stones sizzle softly. You bring in more stones and
close the door. Suddenly you have done this four times and eve-
ryone is crawling out into the star light and embracing the cool
night air. We hold onto one another and go to the tobacco fire and
make our offerings and then we prepare ourselves with tea and
silence for the dreaming.
At it’s best, it is an act of surrender, an act of receiving. We call it
a correction ceremony. Inside you keep up with the rattles,
breathe and receive. It is simple, pure, elegant and effective.
Strangely enough, for some people this is very hard to do.
frequent updates. All material on these pages ©2008 by AICAP Group International and the author.












Comments
Write New Comment ▼
Write New Comment
Sorry! This knol's owner(s) have blocked you from editing, making suggestions, or commenting here.