- IntroductionGlobalization can be described as a process by which interaction & integration of the people, culture, economies, societies, companies & governments of different nations of the world are integrated into a single society.
Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology (http://www.globalization101.org).
This process effects the environment, political systems, culture, economic development prosperity and human physical well-being in countries around the world. Policy and technological developments in the past few decades played big role in global Globalization by increase in cross-border trade, investment and migration so large that many observers believe the world has entered a qualitatively new phase in its economic development Thomas Friedman has said that today globalization is “farther, faster, cheaper and deeper. ”
Since 1950, for example, the volume of world trade has increased by 20 times, and from just 1997 to 1999 flows of foreign investment nearly doubled, from $468 billion to $827 billion (<http://www.globalization101.org>).
IT industry playing big role in Globalization process in countries, IT companies around the world establishing their offices in the countries where not only skilled & cheaper manpower is available but also in massive amount, hence achieving greater level of cost cutting and augmenting company’s per quarter net profit.
- Historical processes
First, How Globalization process reoriented Niumi over the period between 1446 and 1600. Portuguese traders came by sea and connecting western Saharan Africa. This new trade connection raised the trading of slaves. The state had increased their trade by huge trading of salt from the Atlantic toward the savanna hinterland of the upper Gambia the key trading products was for iron, clothe & Gold.
This trade had affected the life of Niumi’s residents as this new trade provided access to some new products to them and also brought new people with great ideas from the different continents of the world. This new people with innovative ideas had played big role in changing Niumi’s political, cultural, economic & social change. This is how, this new trade brought the people of different areas from the world together.
But this new trade also divided the people of this two continents as they traveled from Europe to America & vice versa to establish the new businesses.
Third, The Panama canal construction, which was one of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken which was connecting the Atlantic & Pacific oceans. This new rout had not only connected two oceans but also reduced the journey that each ship has to travel to enter in Pacific ocean from Atlantic ocean from 22,500km to 9,500km.
- “is globalization a good thing?
Is Globalization beneficial or not is deeply controversial & difficult to debate, however if I am being asked the question that “is globalization a good thing?” My answer to this question is yes it is good as it allows developing countries and their citizens to improve their country’s democracy economically and improve their standards of living. Many countries are being benefited by the process of globalization by raising the standards of country’s citizen’s living. We do have a live example of such development caused by Globalization.
- Examples
First example, A country that is India. During early days when India was not affected by the globalization process the salary of RS. 10,000/- was a big amount even for the post graduated work forces, but now the scale of salary of around RS.30,000/- is the ordinary salary people are getting. It has obviously raised the level of living of each Indian citizen.
Second example, From 1981 to 2001, as per survey conducted by World Bank the number of people living on $1 a day or less decreased from 1.5 billion to 1.1 billion. At the same time, in percentage terms the number of such people in developing nations declined from 40% to 20% of the population, considering the world population increase. With the greatest improvements happening in economies have rapidly reduced barriers to trade and investment.
The percentage of people living on less than $2 a day has decreased greatly in areas affected by globalization, but poverty rates in some other areas are so adamant that have remained largely stagnant. In East-Asia, including China, the percentage has decreased by 50.1% compared to a 2.2% increase in Sub-Saharan Africa. Below survey done by World bank describes well about advantages of Globalization.
| Area | Demographic | 1981 | 1984 | 1987 | 1990 | 1993 | 1996 | 1999 | 2002 | Percentage Change 1981-2002 |
| East Asia and Pacific | Less than $1 a day | 57.7% | 38.9% | 28.0% | 29.6% | 24.9% | 16.6% | 15.7% | 11.1% | -80.76% |
| Less than $2 a day | 84.8% | 76.6% | 67.7% | 69.9% | 64.8% | 53.3% | 50.3% | 40.7% | -52.00% | |
| Latin America | Less than $1 a day | 9.7% | 11.8% | 10.9% | 11.3% | 11.3% | 10.7% | 10.5% | 8.9% | -8.25% |
| Less than $2 a day | 29.6% | 30.4% | 27.8% | 28.4% | 29.5% | 24.1% | 25.1% | 23.4% | -29.94% | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | Less than $1 a day | 41.6% | 46.3% | 46.8% | 44.6% | 44.0% | 45.6% | 45.7% | 44.0% | +5.77% |
| Less than $2 a day | 73.3% | 76.1% | 76.1% | 75.0% | 74.6% | 75.1% | 76.1% | 74.9% | +2.18% |
(SOURCE :World Bank, Poverty Estimates, 2002)
Third example, Human Development Report released by United Nations Development Program in 1992, Report showed the unequal distribution of global income with the richest 20% of the world’s population controlling 82.7% of the world’s income.
| Distribution of world GDP, 1989 | |
| Quintile of Population | Income |
| Richest 20% | 82.7% |
| Second 20% | 11.7% |
| Third 20% | 2.3% |
| Fourth 20% | 1.4% |
| Poorest 20% | 1.2% |
- “The World and a Very Small Place in Africa: A History of Globalization in Niumi”, The Gambia By Donald R. Wright, 2004, 64.
- The Levin institute “a student’s guid to globalization” <http://www.globalization101.org>.
- United Nations Development Program. 1992 Human Development Report.
- World Bank, Poverty Estimates, 2002.





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