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Globalization

Imortal process


  • Introduction
        Globalization  can  be  described  as  a  process  by  which  interaction  &  integration  of the  people, culture, economies, societies, companies  &  governments  of  different  nations  of  the  world  are  integrated  into  a  single  society.

     Globalization  is  a  process  of  interaction  and  integration  among  the  people, companies  and  governments  of  different  nations, a  process  driven  by  international  trade  and  investment  and  aided  by  information  technology  (http://www.globalization101.org).

          This  process  is  a  result  of  combination  of  economic, technological, and  political  forces, all  this  forces  should  be  involved  &  should  work  in  same  direction  for  this  process  to  be  successful.

     This  process  effects  the  environment, political  systems, culture, economic  development  prosperity  and  human  physical  well-being  in  countries  around  the  world.  Policy  and  technological  developments  in  the  past  few  decades  played  big  role  in  global  Globalization  by  increase  in  cross-border  trade, investment  and  migration  so  large  that  many  observers  believe  the  world  has  entered  a  qualitatively  new  phase  in  its  economic  development  Thomas  Friedman  has  said  that  today  globalization  is  “farther, faster, cheaper  and  deeper. ”

Since 1950, for  example, the  volume  of  world  trade  has  increased  by  20  times, and  from  just  1997  to  1999  flows  of  foreign  investment  nearly  doubled, from  $468  billion  to  $827  billion  (<http://www.globalization101.org>).

             IT  industry  playing  big  role  in  Globalization  process  in  countries, IT  companies  around  the  world  establishing  their  offices  in  the  countries  where  not  only  skilled  &  cheaper  manpower  is  available  but  also  in  massive  amount, hence  achieving  greater  level  of  cost  cutting  and  augmenting  company’s  per  quarter  net  profit.

  • Historical  processes

First, How  Globalization  process  reoriented  Niumi  over  the  period  between  1446  and  1600.  Portuguese  traders  came  by  sea  and  connecting  western  Saharan  Africa.  This  new  trade  connection  raised  the  trading  of  slaves.  The  state  had  increased  their  trade  by  huge  trading  of  salt  from  the  Atlantic  toward  the  savanna  hinterland  of  the  upper  Gambia  the  key  trading  products  was  for  iron, clothe  &  Gold.

          This  trade  had  affected  the  life  of  Niumi’s  residents  as  this  new  trade  provided  access  to  some  new  products  to  them  and  also  brought  new  people  with  great  ideas  from  the  different  continents  of  the  world.  This  new  people  with  innovative  ideas  had  played  big  role  in  changing  Niumi’s  political, cultural, economic  &  social  change.  This  is  how, this  new  trade  brought  the  people  of  different  areas  from  the  world  together.

          But  this  new  trade  also  divided  the  people  of  the  country  under  the  roof  of  this  new  trade  connection  as  the  slaves  from  Niumi  was  sent  over  the  sea  to  savanna  hinterland  of  the  upper  Gambia.  (“The  World  and  a  Very  Small  Place  in  Africa: A  History  of  Globalization  in  Niumi”, The  Gambia  By  Donald  R.  Wright, 2004, 64)
Second, Columbus  landed  on  the  south  coast  of  the  island  of  Trinidad  on  July  31, 1498. This  new  identified  land  had  initiated  Globalization  for  American  &  Europe  countries.  This  new  routes  had  played  big  role  in  establishment  of  new  trade  business  between  Europe  &  America.  This  new  trade  brought  people  form  this  two  different  continents  together.

                 But  this  new  trade  also  divided  the  people  of  this  two  continents  as  they  traveled  from  Europe  to  America  &  vice  versa  to  establish  the  new  businesses. 

Third, The  Panama  canal  construction, which  was  one  of  the  largest  and  most  difficult engineering  projects  ever  undertaken  which  was  connecting  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  oceans.  This  new  rout  had  not  only  connected  two  oceans  but  also  reduced  the  journey  that  each  ship  has  to  travel  to  enter  in  Pacific  ocean  from  Atlantic  ocean  from  22,500km  to  9,500km.

     The  Panama  canal  not  only  opened  the  doors  for  the  new  trade  &  played  big  role  in  Globalization  process  but  also  played  big  role  in  Europe  &  U.S.  trade  &  political  relations.
 
  • “is  globalization  a  good  thing?

   Is  Globalization  beneficial  or  not  is  deeply  controversial  &  difficult  to  debate, however  if  I  am  being  asked  the  question  that  “is  globalization  a  good  thing?” My  answer  to  this  question  is  yes  it  is  good  as  it  allows  developing  countries  and  their  citizens  to  improve  their  country’s  democracy  economically  and  improve  their  standards  of  living.  Many  countries  are  being  benefited  by  the  process  of  globalization  by  raising  the  standards  of  country’s  citizen’s  living.  We  do  have  a  live  example  of  such  development  caused  by  Globalization.

 

  • Examples

First  example, A  country  that  is  India.  During  early  days  when  India  was  not  affected  by  the  globalization  process  the  salary  of  RS.  10,000/-  was  a  big  amount  even  for  the  post  graduated  work  forces, but  now  the  scale  of  salary  of  around  RS.30,000/-  is  the  ordinary  salary  people  are  getting.  It  has  obviously  raised  the  level  of  living  of  each  Indian  citizen.

 Second  example, From  1981  to  2001, as  per  survey  conducted  by  World  Bank  the  number  of  people  living  on  $1  a  day  or  less  decreased  from  1.5  billion  to  1.1  billion.  At  the  same  time, in  percentage  terms  the  number  of  such  people  in  developing  nations  declined  from  40%  to  20%  of  the  population, considering  the  world  population  increase.  With  the  greatest  improvements  happening  in  economies  have  rapidly  reduced  barriers  to  trade  and  investment.

                The  percentage  of  people  living  on  less  than  $2  a  day  has  decreased  greatly  in  areas  affected  by  globalization, but  poverty  rates  in  some  other  areas  are  so  adamant  that  have  remained  largely  stagnant.  In  East-Asia, including  China, the  percentage  has  decreased  by  50.1%  compared  to  a  2.2%  increase  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa.  Below  survey  done  by  World  bank  describes  well  about  advantages  of  Globalization.

 

Area

Demographic

1981

1984

1987

1990

1993

1996

1999

2002

Percentage Change 1981-2002

East Asia and Pacific

Less than $1 a day

57.7%

38.9%

28.0%

29.6%

24.9%

16.6%

15.7%

11.1%

-80.76%

Less than $2 a day

84.8%

76.6%

67.7%

69.9%

64.8%

53.3%

50.3%

40.7%

-52.00%

Latin America

Less than $1 a day

9.7%

11.8%

10.9%

11.3%

11.3%

10.7%

10.5%

8.9%

-8.25%

Less than $2 a day

29.6%

30.4%

27.8%

28.4%

29.5%

24.1%

25.1%

23.4%

-29.94%

Sub-Saharan Africa

Less than $1 a day

41.6%

46.3%

46.8%

44.6%

44.0%

45.6%

45.7%

44.0%

+5.77%

Less than $2 a day

73.3%

76.1%

76.1%

75.0%

74.6%

75.1%

76.1%

74.9%

+2.18%

(SOURCE :World Bank, Poverty Estimates, 2002) 

Third  example, Human  Development  Report  released  by  United Nations  Development  Program  in  1992, Report  showed  the  unequal  distribution  of  global  income  with  the  richest  20%  of  the  world’s  population  controlling  82.7%  of  the  world’s  income.

Distribution of world GDP, 1989

Quintile of Population

Income

Richest 20%

82.7%

Second 20%

11.7%

Third 20%

2.3%

Fourth 20%

1.4%

Poorest 20%

1.2%

(SOURCE: United Nations Development Program. 1992 Human Development Report)
 
Works cited
  • The  World  and  a  Very  Small  Place  in  Africa: A  History  of  Globalization  in  Niumi”, The  Gambia  By  Donald  R.  Wright, 2004, 64.
  • The  Levin  institute  a student’s guid to globalization” <http://www.globalization101.org>.
  • United  Nations  Development Program. 1992  Human  Development  Report.
  • World  Bank, Poverty  Estimates, 2002.

 

Comments

NICE INFO

u provided nice info on globalization... and ur other knols also interesting... i m quite impressed... but u may also considered to include dangerous side of globalization.. i just want to focus is "GLOBAL WARMING".

to know more abt effect just visit my knol... http://knol.google.com/k/dharmesh-faldu/globalizationfuel-of-growth-for-india/3szk8cwp7hi45/5 . i will glade if also comment on it and give suggestion to make it batter..

Oct 3, 2008 9:51 AM
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