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| Glonass-K |
Six new GLONASS satellites were added to the network in 2008.
As of October 2009, the GLONASS system comprises 18 satellites.
Prime Minister Vladimir Putin signed a directive on September 12, 2009 allocating an additional $2.6 billion to develop the system.
The system requires 18 satellites for continuous navigation services covering the entire territory of the Russian Federation, and 24 satellites to provide services worldwide.
At peak efficiency, the SP signal offers horizontal positioning accuracy within 57-70 meters, vertical positioning within 70 meters, velocity vector measuring within 15 cm/s, and timing within 1 µs, all based on measurements from four satellite signals simultaneously.
The more accurate HP signal is available for authorized users, such as the Russian Military.
During a December 2005 summit between Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Russian President Vladimir Putin, it was agreed that India would share some of the development costs of the GLONASS-K series and launch two of the new satellites from India, in return for access to the HP signal.
It can be assumed that India's participation in the GLONASS system has military overtones. GLONASS based positioning devices are rarely used in the civil sector since GPS devices that are lighter weight and more accurate are freely available. GLONASS signals are probably critical to both India and Russia in order to ensure accuracy of their respective ballistic and cruise missile systems.
All the six satellites required to complete the Gonass constellation will be launched by the end of 2009, says Rocosmos's head, Anatoly Perminov.
Three Glonass satellites were to be launched in September 2009. The launch was rescheduled to October 29. It was postponed again on October 21 because, according to Roscosmos, the satellites required more work. The launch is now scheduled for February 2010.
The remaining three satellites will be launched on December 4.
Anatoly Perminov, the head of the Russian Space Agency said in September 2008 that the number of satellites in the GLONASS network would be increased to 30 by 2011.
Technical Specs
GLONASS satellites transmit two types of signal: a standard precision (SP) signal and an obfuscated high precision (HP) signal.The system requires 18 satellites for continuous navigation services covering the entire territory of the Russian Federation, and 24 satellites to provide services worldwide.
At peak efficiency, the SP signal offers horizontal positioning accuracy within 57-70 meters, vertical positioning within 70 meters, velocity vector measuring within 15 cm/s, and timing within 1 µs, all based on measurements from four satellite signals simultaneously.
The more accurate HP signal is available for authorized users, such as the Russian Military.
GLONASS-M
Russia initiated modernization of the GLONASS system with the launch of GLONASS-M satellites which have better signal characteristics and a longer design life of 7-8 years. (Earlier GLONASS satellites had a design life of just 3 years). A low mass third generation GLONASS-K satellites with a guaranteed lifespan of 10 years is under development.
Indian Participation
Under an agreement with India signed in January 2004, Russian Space Agency (RSA) committed to make the system operational with 24 satellites by 2010. A constellation of 18 GLONASS satellites not only provide full coverage to Russian they also cover India.During a December 2005 summit between Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Russian President Vladimir Putin, it was agreed that India would share some of the development costs of the GLONASS-K series and launch two of the new satellites from India, in return for access to the HP signal.
It can be assumed that India's participation in the GLONASS system has military overtones. GLONASS based positioning devices are rarely used in the civil sector since GPS devices that are lighter weight and more accurate are freely available. GLONASS signals are probably critical to both India and Russia in order to ensure accuracy of their respective ballistic and cruise missile systems.
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